BASIC CONCEPTS - Lecture - 1

 

UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW

Basic concepts - concept of continuum, comparison of microscopic and macroscopic approach. 

Path and point functions. Intensive and extensive, total and specific quantities. 

System and their types. 

Thermodynamic Equilibrium State, path and process. 

Quasi-static, reversible and irreversible processes. 

Heat and work transfer, definition and comparison, sign convention. 

Displacement work and other modes of work .P-V diagram. 

Zeroth law of thermodynamics – concept of temperature and thermal equilibrium

Relationship between temperature scales –new temperature scales. 

First law of thermodynamics –

Application to closed and open systems – 

Steady and unsteady flow processes.

CONTINUUM means 

The matter can be treated as continuously distributed without any void or hole.

Macroscopic-

This approach can be applied if continuum concept concept can be applied. In these approach matter can be treated as on an avg. Basis and individual behavior is neglected…

Microscopic-

In these approach the individual molecular behavior is studied.this approach is applied when the metal becomes rare(very low density)

Basic Concepts

Mass:

the amount of matter in an object measured with a balance

(WHEREVER YOU ARE, WHATEVER YOU DO! MASS IS THE SAME,)

Mass is measured in Kilograms, grams, milligrams, metric tons,etc (in SI Units), pounds, tons, ounces, etc. 

Weight :

The Weight is DIFFERENT from mass; 

It DEPENDS on gravity. 

The proper unit used is Newton.

Volume:

The amount of space an object takes upmeasured with a ruler or graduated cylinder

Properties

IN TERMS OF APPEARANCE AND REACTIVITY

1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

2. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical Property

1. INTENSIVE PROPERTIES

2. EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES

1. INTENSIVE – properties that do not change with changes in mass or volume (Doesn’t depends upon the Mass)

2. EXTENSIVE – properties that depend on the mass or volume (depends upon the Mass)

Heat 

Heat is the form of energy that is transferred between two substances at different temperatures.  Heat is measured in units of energy, usually calories or joules

Work 

Work is the product of force and displacement. Work transfers energy from one place to another, or one form to another. The SI unit of work is the joule (J)